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| Peshawar history |
Peshawar History
Peshawar was founded in 100 AD as the city of Purushpura on the plains of Gandhara in the wide valley of Peshawar. It may have been named after a Hindu king who ruled the city called Purusha. The city probably existed as a small village in the cultural realm of ancient India, in the 5th century BC.
Once the capital of the ancient Buddhist kingdom of Gandhara, the city was known variously as Parasavara and Pursapura (the town, or abode of Pursa). She was also called Begum. The current name, Peshawar (Peshawar, "border city"), is attributed to Akbar, the Mughal emperor of India (1556–1605).
The city is situated on a tributary of the Kabul River near the Khyber Pass, just west of the Bara River. The mounds of Shahji, located to the east, cover the ruins of the subcontinent's largest Buddhist stupa (2nd century CE), attesting to the city's long association with Buddhism and Buddhism. Once the capital of the ancient Buddhist kingdom of Gandhara, the city was known variously as Parasavara and Pursapura (the town, or abode of Pursa). She was also called Begum. The current name, Peshawar (Peshawar, "border city"), is attributed to Akbar, the Mughal emperor of India (1556–1605).
The surrounding area consists of highly irrigated plains, part of a large basin drained and irrigated by the Kabul River, and a low-lying hilly area at Cherat in the southeast. The main crops are wheat, maize (corn), sugarcane, barley, cotton, and fruit (apples, pears, peaches, pomegranates, and quinces). The inhabitants here are mostly Pashtuns.
The Peshawar region is mentioned in early Sanskrit literature and in the writings of the classical historians Strabo and Arrian and the geographer Ptolemy. The Peshawar valley was conquered by the Greco-Bactrian king Eucratides (2nd century BCE), and Kaniska made Porsapura the capital of his Kushan (Kosana) kingdom (1st century CE). Buddhism was still dominant in the 5th century AD when Chinese Buddhist monks and travelers Foxyan passed through the area. Conquered by the Muslims in 988 AD, it was held by the Afghans until the 16th century, who were nominally dependent on the Mughals. Sikh rule was firmly established by 1834, and the area was under British control from 1849 to 1947, when it became part of Pakistan.
Industries include textile and sugar mills, fruit canning, and sandal manufacturing, footwear, leather work, glazed pottery, wax and embroidery work, copperware, longias (a type of sarong), turbans, carpets. , including decorative wooden work and furniture. Ivory work, knives, and small weapons. The ancient Qisa Khawani Bazaar ("Street of Storytellers") is a meeting place for foreign traders selling dry fruits, woolen products, rugs, carpets, pistons (sheepskin coats), karakals (sheepskin). Hats, and Chitrali clothing business.
Peshawar's historic buildings include Bala Hisar, a fort built by the Sikhs on the ruins of the Durranis' official residence, which was destroyed by them after the Battle of Nowshera. Gor Khatri, once a Buddhist monastery and later a sacred Hindu temple, stands on a prominent point in the east and commands a beautiful view of the entire city. Mahabat Khan's Khals Sefid Mosque (1630), a notable monument of Mughal architecture, Victoria Memorial Hall, and Government House. There are many parks, and the square, monument and town hall are other places of social and public gathering. Coffee houses are also popular. The gardens and suburbs are outside the old city wall.
Formed a municipality in 1867, the city has three hospitals, a museum (with a large collection of Gandharan Buddhist relics), an agricultural college, and Peshawar University (founded in 1950), which There are many district and affiliated colleges.
A great historical center of transit caravan trade with Afghanistan and Central Asia, Peshawar today is connected by road and rail with Lahore, Rawalpindi, Hyderabad and Karachi and by air with Rawalpindi, Chitral and Kabul, Afghanistan.
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